Polite Interaction Design: Capturing the Users Attention Without Compromising their Experienced Trust

Pop-ups have been widely used to control users’ attention, causing a high degree of irritation and dissatisfaction. We explore so-called ‘polite’ pop-ups, i.e., pop-ups implemented into the interface eliminating the intrusive and surprising factors. We hypothesize that: H1) Users pay less attention to, and interact less with, polite pop-ups than traditional pop-ups, and; H2) Users perceive a higher degree of trust in applications with polite pop-ups compared to traditional pop-ups. The research approach includes: i) comparative user tests with 88 participants; ii) observations of user tests; iii) assessment questionnaire, and; iv) data-driven analysis of interaction patterns. We analyze the data through the theoretical lens of trust and show that users pay less attention to, yet perceive a higher degree of trust. Our contributions include conceptualizing ‘polite’ design elements and the research agenda of Polite Interaction Design that aims to capture users’ attention without causing unpleasant experiences or decreased trust

Two Sides of the Same Pillow: Unfolding the Relationship between Objective and Subjective Sleep Quality with Unsupervised Learning

Advances in digital health allow us to take an active part in monitoring and improving our sleep quality. Both, objectively recorded and subjectively perceived sleep quality impacts our general health and well-being. This research shows how these two dimensions of sleep quality can be captured with smartwatches and digital symptom trackers. We contribute to the gap in the literature on how recorded values from wearables and user-generated content from mobile applications can elevate each other. Analysing the recorded and re- ported sleep quality in a longitudinal sleep study (n=45) shows differences in how partic- ipants perceive their sleep. We address this need for personalization, by creating clusters of participants with a similar perception of sleep using unsupervised machine learning. Analysing these clusters provides us with a more wholesome understanding of their sleep quality and raises awareness for the uniqueness of individuals in digital health

Invisible Work Meets Visible Work: Infrastructuring from the Perspective of Patients and Healthcare Professionals

Increased patient engagement and the use of new types of data, such as patient-generated health data (PGHD) is shifting how work is performed in relation to healthcare. This change enables healthcare professionals to delegate parts of work previously conducted by them to patients. There is a consensus regarding the need for nurses and physicians to work seamlessly together to make healthcare flow, but the role and responsibility of patients are less researched. In this paper, we aim to fill that gap by focusing on the shift of work from healthcare professionals to patients from the perspective of i) patients and ii) healthcare professionals. We use infrastructuring as a lens to understand the design of everyday work and actions from both perspectives. The main contribution is an analysis of, and insights into, how the work of patients can support healthcare professionals along with a conceptualization of how infrastructuring processes within and outside of healthcare are interconnected

Consumer sleep technology for the screening of obstructive sleep apnea and snoring : current status and a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy

Funding Information: This work has received research funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 965417. Timo Leppänen reports additional funding from NordForsk (NordSleep project 90458) via Business Finland (5133/31/2018), the Academy of Finland (323536), and the Research Committee of the Kuopio University Hospital Catchment Area for the State Research Funding (5041794). Erna Sif Arnardóttir and Anna Sigridur Islind report additional funding from NordForsk (NordSleep project 90458) via the Icelandic Research Fund. Funding Information: European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, Grant/Award Number: 965417; Academy of Finland, Grant/Award Number: 323536; Kuopio University Hospital Catchment Area for the State Research Funding, Grant/Award Number: 5041794; NordForsk, Grant/Award Number: 90458 Funding information Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Sleep Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Sleep Research Society.There are concerns about the validation and accuracy of currently available consumer sleep technology for sleep-disordered breathing. The present report provides a background review of existing consumer sleep technologies and discloses the methods and procedures for a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy of these devices and apps for the detection of obstructive sleep apnea and snoring in comparison with polysomnography. The search will be performed in four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library). Studies will be selected in two steps, first by an analysis of abstracts followed by full-text analysis, and two independent reviewers will perform both phases. Primary outcomes include apnea–hypopnea index, respiratory disturbance index, respiratory event index, oxygen desaturation index, and snoring duration for both index and reference tests, as well as the number of true positives, false positives, true negatives, and false negatives for each threshold, as well as for epoch-by-epoch and event-by-event results, which will be considered for the calculation of surrogate measures (including sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy). Diagnostic test accuracy meta-analyses will be performed using the Chu and Cole bivariate binomial model. Mean difference meta-analysis will be performed for continuous outcomes using the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model. Analyses will be performed independently for each outcome. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses will evaluate the effects of the types (wearables, nearables, bed sensors, smartphone applications), technologies (e.g., oximeter, microphone, arterial tonometry, accelerometer), the role of manufacturers, and the representativeness of the samples.Peer reviewe

Tick Box Design: A bounded and packageable co-design method for large workshops

We present Tick Box Design, a rapid co-design method for research and industry that allows users to gather many design ideas from large numbers of participants in a limited time whilst adhering to ethical principles around users understanding their contributions. The method is based on a design workshop model and can be packaged for delivery by remote teams making it well suited for distributed PD work. In this paper we describe an instance of the method in which 198 teenagers in one country, remotely contributed design ideas for a team in another country, across four rapid 60-minute workshops. In a systematic evaluation of the workshop, we take the needs of both sides into account, the teen participants, and the design team. We explore the participants’ ability to contribute ideas and the usefulness of these ideas to the design team. We show that the teenagers successfully participated in the activities and that the process delivered ideas that were useful to the design team. We discuss our evaluation in the context of ethical and useful participation of minors in HCI research and conclude that Tick Box Design is an efficient method that can be packaged for remote use and delivers value for designers and participants

Towards a Digital Sleep Diary Standard

A sleep diary is an important tool to gather subjective sleep data, which provides key information for the diagnosis of a variety of sleep disorders. In 2012, an expert panel created a standardized sleep diary in pen-and-paper format. However, pen-and-paper has certain limitations, in particular, it is difficult to monitor participant compliance and memory bias. We improve upon these limitations with a digital design and identify benefits and drawbacks of the pen-and-paper format in comparison to a digital sleep diary in an empirical study based on an action design research project. The main contribution consists of five design guidelines: i) use the native environment, ii) utilize established input methods, iii) embed customization to minimize participant workload, iv) evaluate the application continuously using analytics, and v) integrate digital elements to increase compliance. Furthermore, we propose a mobile application design for a digital sleep diary that is in accordance with these guidelines

State of the art of audio- and video based solutions for AAL

Working Group 3. Audio- and Video-based AAL ApplicationsIt is a matter of fact that Europe is facing more and more crucial challenges regarding health and social care due to the demographic change and the current economic context. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has stressed this situation even further, thus highlighting the need for taking action. Active and Assisted Living (AAL) technologies come as a viable approach to help facing these challenges, thanks to the high potential they have in enabling remote care and support. Broadly speaking, AAL can be referred to as the use of innovative and advanced Information and Communication Technologies to create supportive, inclusive and empowering applications and environments that enable older, impaired or frail people to live independently and stay active longer in society. AAL capitalizes on the growing pervasiveness and effectiveness of sensing and computing facilities to supply the persons in need with smart assistance, by responding to their necessities of autonomy, independence, comfort, security and safety. The application scenarios addressed by AAL are complex, due to the inherent heterogeneity of the end-user population, their living arrangements, and their physical conditions or impairment. Despite aiming at diverse goals, AAL systems should share some common characteristics. They are designed to provide support in daily life in an invisible, unobtrusive and user-friendly manner. Moreover, they are conceived to be intelligent, to be able to learn and adapt to the requirements and requests of the assisted people, and to synchronise with their specific needs. Nevertheless, to ensure the uptake of AAL in society, potential users must be willing to use AAL applications and to integrate them in their daily environments and lives. In this respect, video- and audio-based AAL applications have several advantages, in terms of unobtrusiveness and information richness. Indeed, cameras and microphones are far less obtrusive with respect to the hindrance other wearable sensors may cause to one’s activities. In addition, a single camera placed in a room can record most of the activities performed in the room, thus replacing many other non-visual sensors. Currently, video-based applications are effective in recognising and monitoring the activities, the movements, and the overall conditions of the assisted individuals as well as to assess their vital parameters (e.g., heart rate, respiratory rate). Similarly, audio sensors have the potential to become one of the most important modalities for interaction with AAL systems, as they can have a large range of sensing, do not require physical presence at a particular location and are physically intangible. Moreover, relevant information about individuals’ activities and health status can derive from processing audio signals (e.g., speech recordings). Nevertheless, as the other side of the coin, cameras and microphones are often perceived as the most intrusive technologies from the viewpoint of the privacy of the monitored individuals. This is due to the richness of the information these technologies convey and the intimate setting where they may be deployed. Solutions able to ensure privacy preservation by context and by design, as well as to ensure high legal and ethical standards are in high demand. After the review of the current state of play and the discussion in GoodBrother, we may claim that the first solutions in this direction are starting to appear in the literature. A multidisciplinary 4 debate among experts and stakeholders is paving the way towards AAL ensuring ergonomics, usability, acceptance and privacy preservation. The DIANA, PAAL, and VisuAAL projects are examples of this fresh approach. This report provides the reader with a review of the most recent advances in audio- and video-based monitoring technologies for AAL. It has been drafted as a collective effort of WG3 to supply an introduction to AAL, its evolution over time and its main functional and technological underpinnings. In this respect, the report contributes to the field with the outline of a new generation of ethical-aware AAL technologies and a proposal for a novel comprehensive taxonomy of AAL systems and applications. Moreover, the report allows non-technical readers to gather an overview of the main components of an AAL system and how these function and interact with the end-users. The report illustrates the state of the art of the most successful AAL applications and functions based on audio and video data, namely (i) lifelogging and self-monitoring, (ii) remote monitoring of vital signs, (iii) emotional state recognition, (iv) food intake monitoring, activity and behaviour recognition, (v) activity and personal assistance, (vi) gesture recognition, (vii) fall detection and prevention, (viii) mobility assessment and frailty recognition, and (ix) cognitive and motor rehabilitation. For these application scenarios, the report illustrates the state of play in terms of scientific advances, available products and research project. The open challenges are also highlighted. The report ends with an overview of the challenges, the hindrances and the opportunities posed by the uptake in real world settings of AAL technologies. In this respect, the report illustrates the current procedural and technological approaches to cope with acceptability, usability and trust in the AAL technology, by surveying strategies and approaches to co-design, to privacy preservation in video and audio data, to transparency and explainability in data processing, and to data transmission and communication. User acceptance and ethical considerations are also debated. Finally, the potentials coming from the silver economy are overviewed.publishedVersio

Algorithmic Work: The Impact of Algorithms on Work with Social Media

Working with social media in professional settings is a complicated task. The operations of social media platforms are based on complex algorithms that are adjusted based on a constant stream of data created when users interacting with each other. Making sense of, and professionally acting on, algorithmically mediated data that influences the way the work tasks are performed, is what we call “algorithmic work.” The research questions addressed are: (i) What is algorithmic work? and (ii) How is algorithmic work with social media performed? Based on qualitative text analysis, in-depth interviews and participatory workshops from a longitudinal study with professional municipal communicators, we analyze Facebook interaction and how algorithms impact and influence the work with Facebook over time. The findings show how the social media algorithms push the communicators to rethink how they phrase their posts and how they approach the audience while constantly considering their professional role. The main contribution is the conceptualization of algorithmic work as socio-technical processes of: i) balancing openness and closeness of platform operations; ii) adjusting the work operations and performative interactions as the algorithms change; and iii) strategizing on how to understand and utilize advantages of algorithmic logic for the organizational and professional mission

Green Intentions: Field Research and Data-Driven Analysis of Customers’ Purchasing Patterns

Sustainability and sustainable consumption have become key factors in the battle with global warming in general and environmental pollution in particular. To motivate consumers to make sustainable purchasing decisions, it is necessary to understand consumers’ attitudes and purchasing behavior towards green products. This study analyzed if the environmental impact of select products had measurable effects on consumers’ purchasing behavior by analyzing purchasing data from a large retail store in Iceland spanning two years. To gain insight into consumers attitude and intentions towards green products, a survey was conducted which received 166 responses, and will be used in comparison with the purchasing data analysis and testing. The main goal of this study is to analyze the gap between consumers’ intent to consumers’ actual green purchasing. The results of this study will demonstrate that there is an actual difference in this field

Sociotechnical Co-design with General Pediatricians: Ripple Effects through Collaboration in Action

The embedding of digital platforms into professional practice has changed how people collaborate, learn and share knowledge at work. The healthcare sector provides an illustrative case for developments in this area. Through the introduction of a virtual collaboration platform in a continuing professional development program for pediatricians, this interdisciplinary research aims to promote continuity of the educational outcomes along with a better understanding of the usefulness of virtual collaboration and knowledge sharing at work. The research question is: How do pediatricians co-design and use a virtual collaboration platform for knowledge sharing and learning in action? The method is participatory action research, in which participants were co-designers of the content that was developed. The paper outlines some of the benefits and challenges currently emerging from the integration and use of virtual collaborations in clinical practice and provides design considerations on how to co-design content to use in virtual collaboration